Temp. level | Salt type | TES type |
<0 °C | Water–salt mixtures | PCM slurry |
0–100 °C | Melting of salt hydrates in crystallization water | PCM |
40–300 °C | Dehydration of salt hydrates | TCS |
40–150 °C | Absorption in concentrated salt solutions | TCS |
120–500 °C | Solid–liquid conversion in anhydrous salts | PCM |
100–800 °C | Anhydrous molten salts | Sensible |
100–800 °C | Anhydrous solid salts | Sensible |
100–800 °C | Solid–solid conversion in anhydrous salts | PCM |
Solute | Data Source1 |
---|---|
NaCl | CRC Hndbk Chem & Physcis [12]; eutectic from Seidell [10] |
Glycerol2 | CRC Hndbk Chem & Physics (low concentrations) [12], Melinder (high concentrations) [5] |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide3 | Rasmussen and MacKenzie [9] |
Sucrose3,4 | CRC Hndbk Chem & Physics (low concentrations) [12] Gayle et al. (high concentrations) [1] |
Ethylene Glycol5 | CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics [12] |
Solute | C1 | C2 | C3 | maximum molality3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl | -3.34 | -0.0201 | -0.0231 | 5.2 |
Glycerol | -1.96 | -0.0234 | +6.89E-4 | 18.5 |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide | -1.38 | -0.177 | +6.92E-4 | 15.4 |
Sucrose | -1.93 | -0.301 | +0.0221 | 5.4 |
Ethylene Glycol | -1.83 | -0.0531 | +1.71E-3 | 24.2 |
CPA | R | Molarity2 (CPA in isotonic saline) | Wt% NaCl - (grams/100 grams solution) | Wt% CPA - (grams/100 grams solution) | Total wt% (NaCl +CPA) (WTo) | NaCl (molality3) | CPA (molality3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glycerol | 5.43 | 0.5 | 0.835 | 4.538 | 5.373 | 0.151 | 0.521 |
11.28 | 1.0 | 0.796 | 8.985 | 9.782 | 0.151 | 1.082 | |
17.60 | 1.5 | 0.758 | 13.344 | 14.102 | 0.151 | 1.687 | |
DMSO | 4.60 | 0.5 | 0.841 | 3.872 | 4.713 | 0.151 | 0.520 |
9.55 | 1.0 | 0.808 | 7.710 | 8.518 | 0.151 | 1.079 | |
14.87 | 1.5 | 0.774 | 11.514 | 12.289 | 0.151 | 1.680 | |
Sucrose | 5 | 0.125 | 0.838 | 4.192 | 5.030 | 0.151 | 0.129 |
9 | 0.220 | 0.811 | 7.300 | 8.111 | 0.151 | 0.232 | |
19 | 0.442 | 0.750 | 14.255 | 15.005 | 0.151 | 0.490 | |
Ethylene Glycol | 3.63 | 0.5 | 0.848 | 3.079 | 3.927 | 0.151 | 0.516 |
7.47 | 1.0 | 0.821 | 6.135 | 6.656 | 0.151 | 1.062 | |
11.54 | 1.5 | 0.795 | 9.169 | 9.964 | 0.151 | 1.641 |
WT | R | WA | WB | WW | mA | mB | FPA | FPB | FPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(total solute) | (WA/WB) | (gly) | (NaCl) | (water) | (gly) | (NaCl) | (gly) | (NaCl) | (total) |
(g/100g) | - | (g/100g) | (g/100g) | (g/100g) | (molality) | (molality) | (°C) | (°C) | (°C) |
WT | R | =R*WT/(R+1) | =WT/(R+1) | = 100-WT | =(WB/MWB)*1000/WW | =(WA/MWA)*1000/WW | =f(mA) | =g(mB) | =sum |
5.373 | 5.433 | 4.538 | 0.835 | 94.63 | 0.521 | 0.151 | -1.03 | -0.50 | -1.53 |
10.0 | 5.43 | 8.45 | 1.55 | 90.0 | 1.019 | 0.296 | -2.02 | -0.99 | -3.01 |
20.0 | 5.43 | 16.89 | 3.11 | 80.0 | 2.293 | 0.665 | -4.61 | -2.23 | -6.85 |
35.0 | 5.43 | 29.56 | 5.44 | 65.0 | 4.938 | 1.432 | -10.18 | -4.89 | -15.06 |
50.0 | 5.43 | 42.23 | 7.77 | 50.0 | 9.171 | 2.660 | -19.43 | -9.45 | -28.88 |
65.0 | 5.43 | 54.90 | 10.10 | 35.0 | 17.032 | 4.940 | -36.80 | -19.76 | -56.56 |
Solute | Average molar volume in water1 (l/mole) |
---|---|
NaCl | 0.01745 |
Glycerol | 0.0711 |
Dimethyl sulfoxide | 0.0689 |
Sucrose | 0.212 |
Ethylene glycol | 0.0545 |